Merchants from the city of Baltimore, which had benefitted to some extent from the construction of the National Road early in the century, wanted to continue to compete for trade with trans-Appalachian settlers with the newly constructed Erie Canal (which served New York City), another canal being proposed by Pennsylvania (which would have connected Philadelphia and Pittsburgh), the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal (which connected to the nation's capital, Washington, D.C., although it never reached Ohio), and the James River Canal, which directed traffic toward Richmond and Norfolk, Virginia. Meanwhile, the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) outmaneuvered the B&O to acquire the B&O's northern connection, the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad in the early 1880s, cutting off the B&O's access to Philadelphia and New York. Charles Town's mayor also wrote, threatening to cut the B&O's main line by destroying the long bridge over the Potomac River at Harpers Ferry, and Garrett also received anonymous threats. That railroad had a tunnel into Manhattan, thus carrying passengers directly into New York City. This line was partially funded by the state of Maryland, and was operated separately until the 1870s, with Maryland receiving a 25 percent cut of gross passenger receipts. Lieutenant Albert A. Sutter. Bu kategoride sadece bir alt kategori bulunmaktadır. EOW: Wednesday, February 8, 1950. An impressive demonstration occurred on May 1, 1844, when news of the Whig Party's nomination of Henry Clay for U.S. president was telegraphed from the party's convention in Baltimore to the Capitol Building in Washington. (8) The other was from Beardstown, Illinois, on the Illinois River to Shawneetown on the Ohio, which crossed the O&M main line at Flora. The Baltimore & Ohio was chartered in Maryland on 28 Feb. 1827, and operations began in 1830 on a 14-mile section of track between Baltimore and Ellicott, MD. Trains of empty freight cars were routed north and south over the structure, which was demolished after the end of World War II.[47]. When CSX established the B&O Railroad Museum as a separate entity from the corporation, it donated some of the former B&O Mount Clare Shops in Baltimore, including the Mt. It was the southern border as the New York Central was the northern border. A rising young PRR Vice President, Leonor F. Loree, was appointed president. $39.00 previous price $39.00 + shipping. [22][25][26] Garrett reported with evident relief the next day that aside from the cut telegraph line, which was quickly repaired, there had been no damage to any B&O track, equipment, or facilities. President Lincoln (familiar with railroad law since his days as an Illinois lawyer) in January 1862 replaced Cameron with Pennsylvania lawyer Edwin M. Stanton, who had been serving as Cameron's legal advisor. Now called the Metropolitan Subdivision. West Virginia Governor Henry M. Mathews sent in state militia units to restore train service but the soldiers refused to fire on the strikers. That would remain the terminus through the American Civil War (apart from conflict-related outages principally between Cumberland and Martinsburg during the war) until a railroad bridge could be constructed across the Ohio River. The railroad grew from a capital base of $3 million in 1827 to a large enterprise generating $2.7 million of annual profit on its 380 miles (610 km) of track in 1854, with 19 million passenger miles. Part of the B&O Railroad's immortality has come from being one of the four featured railroads on the U.S. version of the board game Monopoly; it is the only railroad on the board that did not directly serve Atlantic City, New Jersey. Elle a été la première compagnie à proposer un service au public avec des horaires fixes, tant pour le fret que pour les passagers. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Historical Society exists to help assemble share the history of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Thus, the renamed Georgetown Branch came to serve a wide range of customers in Maryland and in Georgetown, such as the Potomac Electric Power Company, the Washington Milling Company, and the U.S. government. [38] La Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) est la plus ancienne compagnie de chemin de fer américaine. Faceted Browser ; Sparql Endpoint ; Browse using After 1925, the line was gradually cut back, and disconnected completely in 2005. Alt kategoriler. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad — Die Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (BO, B O) war eine US amerikanische Eisenbahngesellschaft. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Historical Society offers a huge selection of freight classification books and other resources. Soon Garret's Master of Transportation William Prescott Smith left Baltimore City, together with Maryland Gen. Charles G. Egerton Jr. and the Second Light Brigade, which train also picked up the Marines on the federal troop train at the junction in Relay, Maryland. The line no longer runs between Union Avenue and St George on Staten Island. The state of Maryland had stayed true to its implicit promise not to grant competing charters for the Baltimore/Washington line, but when a charter was granted in 1860 to build a line from Baltimore to Pope's Creek in southern Maryland, lawyers for the Pennsylvania RR picked up on a clause in the unfulfilled charter allowing branches up to 20 miles (32 km) long, from any point and in any direction. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Baltimore-and-Ohio-Railroad, HistoryNet - Baltimore and Ohio Railroad: The Union’s Most Important Supply Line, Social Studies for Kids - The Historic Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad‎ (1 K, 1 M) G Garrett County‎ (1 K, 1 M) "Baltimore and Ohio Railroad" kategorisindeki sayfalar. [32] In May, CSA Colonel Jackson's operations against the B&O Railroad (1861) began. Photocopy of drawing, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Architect's Office, 1911 SHED FLOOR PLAN, ROOF FRAMING PLAN, SECTION, AND ELEVATION OF SLIDING DOORS - Baltimore and Ohio HAER MD,4-BALT,132-25.tif 4,853 × 4,015; 18.58 MB. Whether it is corporate casual or attending a NMRA show, this railroad polo shirt can go anywhere. The B&O Railroad Company was established by Baltimore, Maryland, merchants to compete with New York merchants and their newly opened Erie Canal for trade to the west. [45] Rebuilding in the early 20th century and complete double tracking of the branch by 1928 increased capacity; the "branches" became the de facto mainline, though the Old Main Line was retained as a relief route. Copy link. The mile of track outside the museum is considered to be the most significant and historic stretch of trac… [44] The next day workers in Pittsburgh staged a sympathy strike that was also met with an assault by the state militia; Pittsburgh then erupted into widespread rioting. In the 1850s, after the link to the Ohio River was completed, Maryland slave dealers frequently transported their "goods" on the railroad. West Virginia and Pittsburgh Railroad from 1890, Columbus and Cincinnati Midland Railroad leased through the Central Ohio in 1890, Cleveland, Lorain and Wheeling Railroad from 1909, Chicago Terminal Transfer Company, reorganized in 1910 as the, Salisbury Railroad near Pittsburgh, operated from 1912, This page was last edited on 31 March 2021, at 19:08. Ground was broken for the railroad on July 4, 1828. Before the decade of the 1830s ended, the B&O built a 5.5-mile-long (8.9 km) alternate route that became known as the Mount Airy Loop. [9] The canal was operated by the B&O until 1924 when it was damaged in another flood. In 1987 the B&O was dissolved when it merged into the Chesapeake and Ohio. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (reporting marks B&O, BO) was the first common carrier railroad and the oldest railroad in the United States, with its first section opening in 1830. Southern Ohio Electric Power Co. No. The first to take an active role was Baltimore, which in the 1820s had become the second largest American city. The fast-growing port city of Baltimore, Maryland, faced economic stagnation unless it opened a route to the western states. On February 27, 1827, twenty-five merchants and bankers studied the best means of restoring "that portion of the Western trade which has recently been diverted from it by the introduction of steam navigation. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad - The Excursion from Baltimore West Virginia Division of Culture and History site. The Mount Airy Branch is the surviving, in-use portion of the 1839-opened Mount Airy Loop. Confederates confiscated dozens of locomotives and train cars and ripped up double track in order to ship rails for Confederate use in Virginia (14 locomotives and 83  rail cars were dismantled and sent south, and another 42 locomotives and 386 rail cars damaged or destroyed at Martinsburg, with the B&O water station and machine shops also destroyed and 102 miles (164 km) miles of telegraph wire removed by the time federal control was restored in March 1862). The Cumberland Road, later the beginning of the National Road, federally financed, provided a road link for animal-powered transport between Cumberland, Maryland (on the Potomac) and Wheeling, Virginia (on the Ohio) when completed in 1837; it was the second paved road in the country. The Secretary of War agreed to station troops to protect the North Central, the Pennsylvania Railroad,and even the PW&B, but flatly refused to help the B&O.[31][why?]. In 1827, the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad became the first American company to be granted a charter to transport both passengers and freight, and it … In 1963 the B&O was acquired by the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company and in 1980 became part of the newly formed CSX Corporation. In 1896 it went bankrupt. After a flood damaged the C&O Canal in 1877, the B&O acquired a majority interest in the canal mainly to keep its property and right of way from potential use by the Western Maryland Railroad. It was decided that the branch would leave the mainline at Weverton and wind its way through the hills of Western Maryland to Hagerstown. VINTAGE. SBD was renamed CSX Transportation (CSX) in 1986. However, many Virginia politicians wanted the minerals, timber and produce of those areas to instead ship through Richmond and reach the Atlantic through Norfolk, although the James River Canal required substantial maintenance and was never completed through the Appalachians to the Ohio River watershed. Although it’s freelance, Ed tries to create the feeling of a Class 1 railroad. [9][10] A compromise eventually allowed the two companies to share the right of way. The Alexandria Extension (originally the Alexandria Branch) was built from Hyattsville on the Washington Branch in 1874, ending at Shepherd's Landing. Thus, while the B&O reached Wheeling in 1853, political compromises meant the B&O would only reach Grafton to connect to Parkersburg on the Ohio River through a connection with the Northwestern Virginia Railroad which was completed in 1857. All awaited Lt.Col. Cause: Automobile crash The railroad's passenger numbers were at a disadvantage with the railroad's major competitor in the northeast, the Pennsylvania Railroad. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the oldest railroad in the United States, was built in 1830 and cemented Baltimore's status as a major transportation hub, giving producers in the Midwest and Appalachia access to the city's port. On July 4, 1828, Baltimore merchants began the construction of a railroad from the harbour to some point, then undetermined, on…, …came in 1895, when the Baltimore and Ohio electrified a stretch of track in Baltimore to avoid smoke and noise problems in a tunnel. The B&O, like railroading everywhere, touched virtually all areas of American life. Ed has built flawless track work, with his rolling stock adjusted into 50 car trains where the semi scale wheels runs perfectly. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. In response, the B&O chartered the Philadelphia Branch in Maryland and the Baltimore and Philadelphia Railroad in Delaware and Pennsylvania and built a parallel route, finished in 1886. To find shirts, select a railroad from the pull down menu below and click the "Search" button below. Commissary. The line cut directly across various creeks, and includes what was said to be the longest wood trestle on the railroad over Rock Creek; and a short tunnel, Dalecarlia Tunnel, under the Washington Aqueduct. New classes of engines were built to haul longer, heavier trains faster. Located in the original Mount Clare Roundhouse, the museum is home to the largest collection of 19th century locomotives and rolling stock in the country. Sending them via railroad to the Ohio River, and then by riverboat to Louisiana and Mississippi, was much faster and cheaper, and helped the dealers grow their businesses. [13]:157 This line joined to the original mainline at Relay, Maryland, crossing the Patapsco River on the Thomas Viaduct (which remains one of the B&O's signature structures). As preparations for the battle progressed, the B&O provided transport for federal troops and munitions, and on two occasions Garrett was contacted directly by President Abraham Lincoln for further information. [citation needed]. The line projected west across the Potomac River was intended to cross the Potomac just north of the D.C. line, to continue southwest to a connection with the B&O-controlled Virginia Midland (VM) in Fairfax (now Fairfax Station, to distinguish it from what was Fairfax Court House and is now the City of Fairfax, Virginia), and if possible to a connection with the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad in Quantico. B&O advertising later carried the motto: "Linking 13 Great States with the Nation.". [30] Soon B&O president John Work Garrett received letters from Virginia's Governor John Letcher telling the B&O to pass no federal troops destined for any place in Virginia over the railroad, and threatening to confiscate the lines. "[1][2] Their answer was to build a railroad—one of the first commercial lines in the world.[3]. The planes, about a mile long on each side of the ridge, quickly proved an operational bottleneck. A horse pulled the first cars 26 miles and back, since the B&O did not decide to use steam power for several years. The Pennsylvania picked up the charter through the agency of the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad and in 1872 service between Baltimore and Washington began. By crossing the Appalachian Mountains, a technical challenge, it would link the new and booming territories of what at the time was the West—Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, and so on—with the east coast rail and boat network, from Maryland northward. Here’s how history plays out in the Baltimore and Ohio’s beginning days. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad: The Union's Most Important Supply Line TheHistoryNet.com site. Which state has the fewest counties? Half of this stock was reserved for the Maryland state government and the municipal government of Baltimore, which invested $1,000,000 and $500,000, respectively, in the new company. The projected route, passing through what is now Bowie, Maryland, could have a "branch" constructed that would allow service into Washington. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Timeline was previously a separate site that first appeared on the Internet in August, 2000. It was formed in 1910 when the B&O acquired the bankrupt Chicago Terminal Transfer Railroad. On May 24, 1844, the line was officially opened as Samuel F. B. Morse sent his famous words, "What hath God wrought", from the B&O's Mount Clare station to the Capitol by telegraph. One of the first countries to use electric traction for main-line operations was Italy, where a system was inaugurated as early as 1902.…, …wage cuts announced by the Baltimore and Ohio (B&O) Railroad—its second cut in eight months. The State of Maryland is currently building a new light-rail transit line, the Purple Line, along much of the right-of-way between Bethesda and Silver Spring. Forever Young | Made possible by Hosts | Airbnb. This assertion is not sourced, however. Baltimore's Carrollton Viaduct, named in honor of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, was the B&O's first bridge, and is the world's second-oldest railroad bridge still carrying trains (the world's oldest is the Skerne Bridge, Darlington, UK of 1824–1825). The Washington to Gaithersburg section of the Met Branch was double-tracked during 1886–1893. It duplicated the Baltimore Short Line and was considered dangerous, steep and difficult to maintain, as it had many trestles and tunnels. This military strategy, or lack thereof, allowed Confederate commanders to contribute significantly to the length of the war, by conducting free-ranging military operations against the region and railroad. Thus he and others asked Secretary of War Cameron to protect the B&O as the national capitol's main westward link. [29], On April 18, 1861, the day after Virginia seceded from the Union, Virginia militia seized the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, which was also an important work station on the B&O's main westward line. In planning the route of the Old Main Line, the B&O decided against building the main line directly through Frederick, preferring instead to take advantage of a valley grade to the south of the city. & O. in heavy black lines, indicates … The Old Main Line was reworked, sections of the original right-of-way cut off by the straightening of curves and replacement of old, weight-restricted bridges with newer, heavier bridges. In addition, Baltimore was a major manufacturing center. Finally at year end, Samuel M. Felton, the PW&B President, wrote newspapers about the War Department's discrimination against his cooperating railroad line, which competed with Cameron's favored North Central and Pennsylvania Railroads. 7121 at Locust, Pennsylvania, on October 25, 1954. As an unwritten condition for the charter, it was understood that the state of Maryland would not charter any competing line between Baltimore and Washington, and no such charters were approved until well after the American Civil War, when the Pennsylvania Railroad acquired a railroad on the Delmarva Peninsula, which had the power to build short branch lines, so it was able to connect to Washington through Bowie, Maryland. Clare roundhouse, to the museum, while selling the rest of the property. (See RF&P Subdivision.) Baltimore and Ohio Railroad steam locomotive no. The VM track ran from Alexandria to Danville, Virginia. Following its emergence from bankruptcy, control of the B&O was acquired by the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1901. The B&O also prevailed in a lawsuit against it by the Washington and Baltimore Turnpike Road.[11]. As the B&O built the main line west to Parrs Ridge, it had limited information about the operation of steam locomotives. There are also photocopies of correspondence addressed to … Amtrak operates the daily Capitol Limited train between Washington, DC and Chicago along this branch; MTA Maryland operates weekday commuter rail service between Washington, DC and Martinsburg, WV. Pittsburgh and Connellsville Railroad from 1871. Select Railroad Enjoy the casual look in one of these great embroidered railroad logo polo shirts! The Alexandria Branch trackage to Shepherd's Landing was heavily used during World War II when traffic congestion on the Long Bridge caused the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to construct a bridge along the original plan of the B&O: Alexandria to Shepherd's Landing, Washington. Kennedy, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baltimore_and_Ohio_Railroad&oldid=1015309525, Former Class I railroads in the United States, Standard gauge railways in the United States, Railroads in the Chicago Switching District, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2020, Articles needing additional references from May 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles lacking reliable references from May 2020, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Sandusky, Mansfield and Newark Railroad leased through the Central Ohio in 1869. The B&O became crucial to the Federal government during the Civil War, being the main rail connection between Washington, D.C., and the northern states, especially west of the Appalachian mountains. Two other lines were built in attempts to reconnect to the south. The government of Maryland published in a book the many telegrams sent by B&O employees and management regarding the raid.[27]. Raids and battles during the war also cost the B&O substantial losses, many never indemnified. [5] Their investigation completed, they held an organizational meeting on February 12, 1827, including about twenty-five citizens, most of whom were Baltimore merchants or bankers. "[53], Rail system in the United States of America, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad system map, circa 1961. The B&O made extensive use of the Bollman iron truss bridge design in the mid-19th century. These trains stopped before the bridge, at Sandy Hook, Maryland (end of the line before the bridge was built), and troops continued across the bridge on foot. During the 1880s the B&O had organised a group of bankrupt railroads in Virginia into the Virginia Midland Railroad. Around twenty-two thousand people—a quarter of the city's population—bought the remaining private equity. Built between 1892 and 1910. After it was reorganized in 1899, it grew further, reaching Cleveland and Lake Erie in 1901. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Network is an independent website created by Scott Dunlap and is not affiliated with the B&O Railroad or CSX Corporation. La Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) est la plus ancienne compagnie de chemin de fer américaine. Original name for the line built between Baltimore and Washington, D.C., during 1833 to 1835. On February 28, 1827, the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad became the first U.S. railway chartered for the commercial transportation of freight and passengers. It proved crucial to Union success during the American Civil War, although the conflict also caused considerable damage (and repair costs). The B&O’s long-distance passenger trains were discontinued in 1971 when the National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak) took over intercity passenger service, although it continued limited commuter service at Washington, D.C., and Pittsburgh. Thus, to continue westward through the Appalachian Mountains, the B&O chose to build the B & O Railroad Potomac River Crossing (1839) at Harpers Ferry, Virginia (since 1863, West Virginia). The B&O also wanted access to Pittsburgh and coal fields in western Pennsylvania and Ohio. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. A Baltimore and Ohio discussion group for the Best and Outstanding railroad. By this time, however, strap rail was no longer used for new construction. Die … There it connected with Harper's Ferry (the boat) across the Potomac into Virginia, and also with the navigable Shenandoah River. [4], Two men — Philip E. Thomas and George Brown — were the pioneers of the railroad. 22,246 were here. The B&O Railroad company was to build a railroad from Baltimore to a suitable point on the Ohio River. [9], In 1895 the B&O introduced electric locomotives over 3.75 mi (6.04 km) of line near Camden, initially using an overhead electric slot system.[48]. The line continued through Virginia to a point just west of the junction of Patterson Creek and the North Branch Potomac River, where it crossed back into Maryland to reach Cumberland (1842), connecting with the National Road, the main route west. However, the 1831 DeWitt Clinton locomotive, running between Albany and Schenectady, New York, demonstrated speeds of 25 miles (40 km) per hour, dramatically decreasing the cost of transportation and announcing the coming end of the canal and turnpike (road) systems, many of which were never completed since they were or would soon be obsolete. Welcome to the Gulf, Mobile & Ohio Railroad Historical Society Website About Us. Cameron instead warned Garrett that passage of any rebel troops over his line would be treason. As winter began, coal prices soared in Washington, even though the B&O in September arranged for free coal transport from its Cumberland, Maryland, terminal down the C&O Canal (which reduced prices somewhat, although Confederates also damaged the C&O canal that winter). The branch was abandoned in 1986, and much of the right-of-way is now used by the Capital Crescent Trail. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O), first steam-operated railway in the United States to be chartered as a common carrier of freight and passengers (1827). (1869-1870). The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, pioneered by Philip E. Thomas and George Brown in Baltimore, Maryland, was the location of one of the first commercial railroads in America’s history. Ohio is a Midwestern acknowledge in the great Lakes region of the joined States. The B&O reached Wheeling, West Virginia (then part of Virginia) on January 1, 1853. Maryland Transit Administration (MARC) operates weekday commuter rail service along this branch between Camden Station and Washington's Union Station. Connected Washington, D.C., to the Old Main Line at Point of Rocks. Many iron and steel bridges on the railroad were replaced with stone (Pennsy preferred stone to the preference of the Reading and Lackawanna Railroad for concrete). 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